Preface
1. The New Accountability
Introduction
Assessing Performance
The Financial Crisis of Higher Education
Performance Reporting
Traditional Budgeting
Performance Funding: An Attractive Policy Alternative
2. Performance Funding and Budgeting: Old Differences and New Similarities
Introduction
Traditional Budgeting
Performance Funding and Performance Budgeting
Current Status and Future Prospects
Performance Funding
Performance Budgeting
Dual Programs
Components
Challenges
Regional, Economic, and Political Relations
Impact on Institutional Improvement
Merging Models
Conclusion
3. Performance Funding Indicators: Imperfect Necessities
Introduction
Creating Comparative Core Indicators
Indicator Content
Few Common Funding Indicators
Indicator Types
External or Internal Concerns
Policy Values
Models of Excellence
Conclusion
4. Performance Funding: Campus Reactions
Introduction
The Survey
Familiarity and Dissemination
Stakeholder Influence
Performance as a Budgeting Factor
Purposes of Performance Funding
Policy Values
Indicator Preferences
Success Standards
Campus Use of Performance Results
Impact on Campus Performance
Achievements of Performance Funding Purposes
Difficulties of Performance Funding
Advantages of Performance Funding
Disadvantages of Performance Funding
Desired Changes
Program Future
Findings
Conclusion
5. Twenty Years of Performance Funding in Tennessee: A Case Study of Policy Intent and Effectiveness
Anticipating the Call to Accountability: Policy Heritage
Evolution of Indicators and Standards
Institutional History of Points and Dollars Earned
Evidence of Policy Impact and Effectiveness
Survey and Case Study Evidence
Reconciling Improvement and Accountability: A Summary
Appendix
6. Integrating Budget, Assessment and Accountability Policies: Missouri’s Experiment with Performance Funding
Introduction
State Economic Conditions and Revenues
A Commitment to Assessment
Effectiveness Indicators
Performance Funding Emerges as a Major Missouri Initiative
First Performance Funding Budget Recommendation
State Commitment to Fund Results
Withstanding a Change in Leadership
Funding for Results Principles
Increased Attention
A Shift in Dialogue About FFR
FFR Funding
Changes in FFR Elements
Impact of FFR on Institutional Behavior
Conclusion
Appendix
7. Ready, Fire, Aim: Performance Funding Policies for Public Postsecondary Education in Florida
Introduction
Florida Background
Demographics and Enrollments
State Economic Conditions and Education Appropriations
Government and Governance
Precursors to Performance Funding
Initiative Funding
Accountability Report
The Government Performance and Accountability Act of 1994: The Arrival of Performance Budgeting
Community Colleges and Performance Budgeting
State University and Performance Budgeting
Workforce Development and Education Fund
The Impact of Performance Funding
Impact on Community Colleges
Impact on State Universities
A Lack of Leadership
The Future: More Changes on the Horizon
Appendix
8. Ohio’s Challenge: A Clash of Performance Funding and Base Budgeting
Introduction
Higher Education Governance
Search for a Rational Budgeting Model
Performance Funding
Performance Challenge
Access Challenge
Jobs Challenge
Research Challenge
Success Challenge
Changing Leaders Bring Funding Increases
Preliminary Assessment
Strengths and Weaknesses
Performance Reporting
The Clash of Performance Funding and Base Budgeting
9. Performance Funding in South Carolina: From Fringe to Mainstream
Introduction
Background
Increased Coordination and New Leadership
A New Leader and A New Commission
The Commission Takes the Challenge
Phase Two: Campus Consultation and Covert Changes
Phase Three: Adjusting the Controls
Phase Four: Radical Revisions
Impact of Performance Funding on Sector Results
Conclusion
Appendix
10. Performance Funding: Easier to Start Than Sustain
Arkansas: A Collaborative Process Produces a Surprising Product
Governance
Productivity Funding in the 1995-97 Biennium
A New Governor And New Priorities
The Demise of Performance Funding
Conclusion
Colorado: Up, Down, and Around Again
Funding Priority Areas
Performance Reporting
A New Performance Funding System
Conclusion
Kentucky: A Tale of Two Governors
Government and Governance
The Jones Commission
Accountability Versus Autonomy
Conclusion
Performance Funding in Minnesota: Hardly A Milestone
Conclusion
11. Performance Funding: Assessing Program Stability
Introduction
Tentative Assumptions
Method
Population
Design
Data Analysis
Results
Findings and Assumptions
Assessing the Stability of Continuing Programs
South Carolina
Ohio
Florida
Discussion
South Carolina
Ohio
Florida
Summary: All Three States
Conclusion
Appendix
12. Arguments About Performance Funding: Rhetoric and Reality
Introduction
Arguments For and Against Performance Funding
Arguments For Performance Funding
Arguments Against Performance Funding
Some Suggestions
Conclusion
Conclusion: Linking Funding to Performance: A Trend, Not a Fad
References
Notes on Contributors
Index