Darwinian Natural Right

The Biological Ethics of Human Nature

By Larry Arnhart

Subjects: Philosophy
Series: SUNY series in Philosophy and Biology
Paperback : 9780791436943, 348 pages, April 1998
Hardcover : 9780791436936, 348 pages, April 1998

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Table of contents

Abbreviations

Acknowledgments

1. Aristotle, Darwin, and Natural Right

An Intellectual Journey

Ten Propositions

Seven Objections

An Overview of the Book

2. Desire and Reason

The Nature of Desire

The Normative Structure of Animal Movement

Twenty Natural Desires

Nurturing Nature

Four Sources of Moral Disagreement

Prudence

3. Political Animals

Ants, Bees, and Other Political Animals

The Hobbesian Critique

The Nature of Culture

4. The Human Nature of Morality and Freedom

Natural Morality

Natural Freedom

Conclusion

5. Parent and Child

Plato's Second Wave

Religious Communism in the Oneida Community

Secular Communism in the Kibbutz

Four Biological Causes

The Human Ecology of Parental Investment

Infanticide, Adoption, and Sexual Bonding

6. Man and Woman

Feminist Naturalism

The Biology of Sex Differences

Mating Desires

Male Dominance and Male Vulnerability

The Moral Complementarity of Male and Female Norms

Natural Genitals and Natural Feet

Feminist Culturalism

7. Master and Slave

Ant Slavery and Human Slavery

Aristotle

Hume

Jefferson

Darwin

Lincoln

Racial Science

Conclusion

8. The Poverty of Psychopathic Desire

The Mask of Sanity

The Flat Soul Behind the Mask

An Evolutionary Niche for Machiavellians

To Know But Not to Feel

Moral Strangers

9. The Ends and Kinds of Life

Natural Kinds

Natural Ends

10. Nature and Nature's God

McShea, Masters, and Wilson

Aristotle and Augustine

Hume and Darwin

Moses and Aquinas

The Desire to Understand

References

Index

Shows how Darwinian biology supports an Aristotelian view of ethics as rooted in human nature.

Description

This book shows how Darwinian biology supports an Aristotelian view of ethics as rooted in human nature. Defending a conception of "Darwinian natural right" based on the claim that the good is the desirable, the author argues that there are at least twenty natural desires that are universal to all human societies because they are based in human biology. The satisfaction of these natural desires constitutes a universal standard for judging social practice as either fulfilling or frustrating human nature, although prudence is required in judging what is best for particular circumstances.

The author studies the familial bonding of parents and children and the conjugal bonding of men and women as illustrating social behavior that conforms to Darwinian natural right. He also studies slavery and psychopathy as illustrating social behavior that contradicts Darwinian natural right. He argues as well that the natural moral sense does not require religious belief, although such belief can sometimes reinforce the dictates of nature.

"This beautiful little book rediscovers the missing biology of Aristotle especially as it applies to moral phisophy and does so in a thoroughly modern way, that is, by integrating it with modern Darwinian thinking, a subject Arnhart easily masters. The result is a very impressive piece of intellectual work, rich in detail and far-reaching in scope and in conclusions. " — Robert Trivers, Rutgers University

Reviews

"This is one of the best works of its kind that I have read in many years. It is extremely well-written and reads beautifully. Arnhart argues for a Darwinian perspective on morality and human nature generally, combined with an Aristotelian perspective. His argument will be extremely controversial. " — Michael Ruse, Editor, Philosophy and Biology

"This work is an astounding accomplishment. No one else could have done it. The range and depth of the understanding of Aristotle and Darwin are unusual; the capacity to link them to a thorough and accurate treatment of contemporary biology is even more so. And on other thinkers or historical issues, the erudition and clarity are equally precise and illuminating. For decades, we have been told that political philosophy in general and ancients like Aristotle in particular have been rendered obsolete by contemporary science. Social scientists and humanists in general—and political theorists more specifically—will simply have to reconsider their assumptions in the light of this work. " — Roger Masters, Dartmouth College

"This is a very intelligent discussion of matters that in the past have invited ideologues as participants and critics. My sense is that this is a book a publisher should be happy to have on its list. " — Timothy Goldsmith, Yale University

"Larry Arnhart is at the cutting edge of the frontiers of political philosophy today. His book on Aristotle and Darwin crowns more than a decade of research on the biological foundations of human nature. He has shown that it is no longer possible to assume that our biological nature is unrelated to our moral nature. He has therefore gone a long way to restoring the credibility of 'the laws of nature and of nature's God,' and of the political science upon which this nature was founded. " — Harry V. Jaffa, Claremont McKenna College and Claremont Graduate School

"This beautiful little book rediscovers the missing biology of Aristotle especially as it applies to moral phisophy and does so in a thoroughly modern way, that is, by integrating it with modern Darwinian thinking, a subject Arnhart easily masters. The result is a very impressive piece of intellectual work, rich in detail and far-reaching in scope and in conclusions. " — Robert Trivers, Rutgers University