The Origins of Oṃ Maṇipadme Hūṃ

A Study of the Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra

By Alexander Studholme

Subjects: Buddhism
Paperback : 9780791453902, 232 pages, August 2002
Hardcover : 9780791453896, 232 pages, August 2002

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Table of contents

Acknowledgments

INTRODUCTION
The Importance of Om Manipadme Hum

CHAPTER 1
Background to the Karandavyuha Sutra

CHAPTER 2
Puranic Influence on the Karandavyuha Sutra

CHAPTER 3
Avalokitesvara as the Buddhist Isvara

CHAPTER 4
Om Manipadme Hum and Namah Sivaya

CHAPTER 5
Om Manipadme Hum and the Mahayana

CHAPTER 6
The Meaning of Om Manipadme Hum

CONCLUSION
The Original Six-Syllable Formula?

APPENDIX
Annotated Précis of the Karandavyuha Sutra

Notes

Bibliography

Index

Index to Appendix

Sets out a history of the famous Buddhist mantra, Om Manipadme Hum, and offers new insights on its meaning.

Description

Oṃ Maṇipadme Hūṃ, perhaps the most well-known of all Buddhist mantras, lies at the heart of the Tibetan system and is cherished by both layman and lama alike. This book documents the origins of the mantra, and presents a new interpretation of the meaning of Oṃ Maṇipadme Hūṃ, and includes a detailed, annotated precis of the Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra, opening up this important Mahayana Buddhist work to a wider audience.

The Kāraṇḍavyūha— the earliest textual source for Oṃ Maṇipadme Hūṃ—which describes both the compassionate activity of Avalokiteśvara, the bodhisattva whose power the mantra invokes, and the mythical tale of the search for and discovery of the mantra. Through a detailed analysis of this sutra, Studholme explores the historical and doctrinal forces behind the appearance of Oṃ Maṇipadme Hūṃ in India at around the middle of the first millennium C.E. He argues that the Kāraṇḍavyūha has close affinities to non-Buddhist puranic literature, and that the conception of Avalokiteśvara and his six-syllable mantra is informed by the conception of the Hindu deity Śiva and his five-syllable mantra Namaḥ Śivāya. The sutra reflects an historical situation in which the Buddhist monastic establishment was coming into contact with Buddhist tantric practitioners, themselves influenced by Saivite practitioners.

Alexander Studholme received a Ph.D. from the Centre for Buddhist Studies, Bristol University, England.

Reviews

"This compact volume … will be immediately accessible, and of great benefit, to both Tibetologists and Tibetophiles alike." — Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies

"This book provides a very good example of the phenomenon of religious integration, and clearly shows how Buddhism managed to integrate ideas and practices from another spiritual tradition." — Francis Brassard, author of The Concept of Bodhicitta in Santideva's Bodhicaryavatara

"It was fascinating to read the author's brilliant insights into the syncretic construction of early tantric Mahayana Buddhist materials like the Karandavyuha." — John J. Makransky, author of Buddhahood Embodied: Sources of Controversy in India and Tibet