Contents Illustrations

Tables

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

Studying Development Outline of the Study

2 The Mining Town

Inequality within the Company Labour Force Residential Stratification and the Segmentation of the Labour Force The Company Townsite Soroako Village Population of the Village Productive Activities in the Village Labour Market Segmentation and the Company Work Force Status—the Cultural Evaluation of Inequality Conclusion

3 The Village of Soroako: Its People and the Beginnings of Their Incorporation Into the Modern World

Introduction The Story of the Founding of the Village Supravillage Political Relations Sociocultural Identity Dutch Annexation of Central Sulawesi Changes in Governance in the Colonial Period Changes in Agriculture Islam Education Early Mining and Exploration The End of Colonial Rule Conclusion

4 Political Independence: The Village in the New State

Introduction The Darul Islam Rebellion The New Order Government's Foreign Investment Policy Foreign Investment in Mining Exploration in Soroako The Contract of Work Establishment of the Soroako Nickel Project Inco's Involvement in 'Development' The Company's Co-option of the Legitimating Ideology of the State

5 Land, Labour, and Social Relations in the Preproject Economy

Methodology The Organisation of Production Land: Swidden Cultivation Use of Tools in Swidden Cultivation Land: Paddy Fields Access to Other Factors of Production in Paddy Field Cultivation Control of Resources Relations of Production and the Division of Labour Division of Labour in Detail (in the Labour Process) Production Outside Agriculture Trade Trade and Social Inequality

6 Peasants, Proletarians, and Traders in the Peripheral Capitalist Economy

Changing Occupations Working for the Project Changes in the Organisation of Work Conflicting Views of the Organisation Stress—Adaption to a New Culture of Work Farming in Soroako Low Productivity in Agriculture Small Business Debtor-Creditor Relations The Economics of Survival Retrenchment Separation of Work and Home Consumerism Resistance to New Values Conclusion Postscript—the 1982 Industrial Action

7 Domination and Conflict : The Company, the Village, and the State

Conflicts over Land Land Alienation Redevelopment of the Village Disputes about Land Denial of Customary Land Rights Illegal Building Changing Values Concerning Land Ownership Conflicts with Local Government Conflicts of Authority Conflict with the Company Disputes about Water Conclusion

8 The Wedding of Hijra : Changing Social Relations

Wedding of Hijra Marriage in Soroako Changing Forms of Marriage Ideas of Romantic Love in Soroako Stability of Marriage Weddings and the Affirmation of Status Hijra's Wedding

9 Race Relations and Class Domination

Indonesian-Expatriate Relations in the Townsite Segregation Racial Conflict Servants Stealing Expatriates and the Village Indonesian Attitudes towards Expatriates Conclusion

10 Stepchildren of Progress: Ethnicity and Class Consciousness in the Mining Town

Divisions in the Mining Town Organisations in the Mining Town Relations between Soroakans and Village-Resident Immigrants Religious Differences Marriage Organisations within the Village Sources of Conflict between Immigrants and Soroakans The Soroakan Explanation Soroakan Identity False Consciousness or Class Consciousness Conclusion

11 Conclusion

Bibliography

Index