Preface
Introduction
School Leadership
Evaluation
Practical Issues for Principals
The School Leader as Evaluator
Part I. Recent Demands for Evaluation
1. The Increasing Focus on Evaluation in Education
Past and Present Definitions
The Problem of Subjectivity
Current Models
2. Evaluation as a Political Value
Politically Driven Policies
Awareness of Conflicts over Educational Values
Demands for Accountability
Some Observations
3. Evaluation as a Destabilizing Force
Evaluation and Organization
Control through Finance
A Multilevel Administration of Education
4. The School District's Response
Policy Changes
Structural Changes
Changes in Management and Decision-making Patterns
Internal or External Institutionalization of Evaluation
5. Evaluation and Principals: A New Relationship
Common Roots
Evaluation in Education Today
The Inevitability of a New Relationship
Part II. The School Principal's Response
6. Linking the School Principal to Student Achievement: A Review of the Literature
Ambiguities
Research on High-Performance Schools
The Question of How Principals Use Student, Achievement Data
7. Introduction to a Statewide Study of Elementary School Principals
Exploratory Field Data
Exploratory Review of the Literature
Sample of Principals Surveyed
Limitations of the Study
8. School Leadership and Instructional Objectives
Questions
Responses
Analysis
9. School Leadership and Program Evaluation
Questions
Responses
Analysis
10. School Leadership and Interaction with Teachers
Questions
Responses
Analysis
11. School Leadership and Student Achievement Problems
Questions
Responses
Analysis
12. Student Achievement Data as an Administrative Resource: A Summary
Commitment to Improving Student Achievement
Control over the Use of Student Achievement Data
Use of Student Achievement Data in Evaluation
Effectiveness and Accountability
The Specific Issue of Principals' Accountability
Direct Involvement with Achievement Problems
Summary
Part III. Critical Needs as Principals Perceive Them
13. Evaluation in Leadership Tasks: Molitor
Awareness of the Concept
The Concept from the Principal's Perspective
Results
14. Evaluation and Decisions: Gally
Purpose and Method
Results
Comments
15. Evaluation and Decisions: Lear
Purpose and Method
Results
Comments
16. The Judgmental Component
A Letter to Former Students
Respondents and Responses
Analysis
Part IV. Conclusion
17. Integrating the Facts
Living with Demands for Accountability
Living with Daily Evaluation
18. Further Study
The Focus on Judgment
Evaluation Behavior
Principals' Orientation toward Evaluation
Concluding Remarks
Bibliography
Index